Approximately 1.9 million people self-identified as AIAN in the 1990 Census. There are 554 federally recognized Indian tribes in the U.S; the only group with a recognized political status with the United States government. These Tribes are recognized sovereign nations within the United States. AIAN are the only “minority” group which has direct government-to-government relations with the United States. The purpose of this review is to summarize the published literature on culturally competent HIV/AIDS prevention for AIAN. Because there was so little found on this subject, publications regarding cultural competence and related public health issues were also included. This review will be useful in the development of culturally competent interventions as well as data collection, policy development, programming and resource allocation for the prevention of HIV/AIDS and related public health areas.