This study investigated the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on mental health and self-rated health (SRH) and evaluated how these relationships might vary by race/ethnicity, age, and gender. Authors analyzed data of 44,921 adults who responded to the 2009 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS).

Findings: Low SES was associated with greater neighborhood safety concerns, which led to being less active and negatively affecting mental health and SRH. This model was similar across different racial/ethnic and gender groups.

SES plays an important role in SRH and mental health, and is further nuanced by race/ethnicity and gender. Identifying the psychological (neighborhood safety) and behavioral (physical activity) factors that influence mental health and SRH is critical for tailoring interventions and designing programs that can improve overall health.