New indicators from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) provide information on Positive and Adverse Childhood Experiences (PACEs) among teens and adults statewide, broken down by race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, income, insurance coverage, and other characteristics. Youth mental health indicators also are available by teens’ exposure to PACEs. Estimates are available for 2021 and 2022, with youth data for 2023 and 2024 coming soon.

Key findings include: 

• In 2022, around 2 in 5 California youth had at least 1 of 5 Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) asked about in the survey — parent divorce or separation, parent incarceration, household domestic violence, household mental illness, or household substance abuse.
• Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs) also were common, with a similar share estimated to have at least 6 of the 7 PCEs asked about. These youth were less likely to have ACEs than their peers with five or fewer PCEs. 
• Among adults statewide in 2021, those with at least a bachelor's degree or with annual income of at least $100,000 had lower rates of 4–8 ACEs than those with less education or income, as did heterosexual adults when compared with homosexual and bisexual adults.

Explore the data:

Youth-reported PACEs

• PCEs overall and by type, gender, income level, and race/ethnicity
• ACEs overall and by type, gender, income level, race/ethnicity, and number of PCEs

Youth-reported mental health and PACEs

• Anxiety by number of PCEs and ACEs
• Depression by number of PCEs and ACEs
• Suicidal thoughts by number of PCEs and ACEs
• Suicide attempts by number of PCEs and ACEs

Adult-reported PACEs

• PCEs overall and by type
• ACEs overall and by type, education level, income level, type of insurance, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and number of PCEs